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Understanding the amount of accruals a company has on its books and the quality of its reported earnings is especially important during earnings season, as poor earnings quality companies are more likely to have negative earnings surprises and underperform as a result. With so many companies reporting earnings this week, we wanted to share an analysis of their earnings quality based on The Applied Finance Group’s Earnings Quality score. AFG’s Earnings Quality variable is based on the concept of accruals and is an important indicator, which helps to differentiate between companies with poor and high quality of reported earnings. Watch out for firms with poor EQ score – make sure they are not trying to pad their sales numbers through channel stuffing, for example.

*Source: www.afgview.com

Two ways to approach accruals:

1. Cash Flow Statement
•Difference between Net Income and Cash Flow

2. Balance Sheet
•Change in Net Operating Assets from Period t-1 to t
•Net Operating Asset equals Total Assets Less Cash, Less Non-Debt Liabilities (excl. Minority Interest)
• Our studies show that the Balance Sheet approach is superior to the Cash Flow Statement approach.
• We found the Balance Sheet approach is also easier to expand to international companies.
• Low Accrual companies outperform high accrual companies
 

 Here is a look at how well the Earnings Quality variable works when you split top half vs. bottom half in each sector/style universe.

Source: AFGView client databases from 9/1998 - 5/2009   Universe size: 4,000 to 5,500 firms

Here is a look at an example of a poor Earnings Quality company that has a negative earning surprise and thus underperforms.

Eastman Kodak

• Other Liabilities declined in Q308, leading to high accruals – change in licensing agreement required immediate recognition of deferred revenue.
• Eastman Kodak (EK) subsequently missed earnings in Q408.
• EK’s stock dropped 29% on January 28th, when Q408 earnings were announced.
• EK has underperformed the S&P500 by almost 70% since January 28th.
 

source: www.economicmargin.com

Fortune released a list of 40 companies in June 2008 that they labeled as the 40 best stocks to retire on. Although ValueExpectations.com’s research is focused on long-term investing, we believe reviewing companies on a ongoing basis helps to avoid potential pitfalls with bad investments and allows one to take advantage of companies that might be mispriced. For this reason we have ranked all companies in the Fortune 40 portfolio based on Valuation Attractiveness.

Good companies don’t always make good investments! If you believe this is a list of quality companies then that is a wonderful start. But understanding what you are paying for those companies is equally important. Few would argue that Mercedes Benz produces an excellent engineered vehicle and a quality product. However, if that Mercedes Benz cost $1,000,000, it may be a great vehicle, but not necessarily a good price.

As a review of the performance of this list since release, Fortune’s portfolio has returned an average of -28.64% since its release which is about 6.3% spread above what the S&P 500 delivered on average during the same time period. Although this portfolio did outperform the S&P 500, had you invested in these 40 companies in equal parts on the date of release, your $100,000 retirement nest egg would now be worth somewhere around $70,000.

Fortune 40 Companies To Retire On

AFG's Valuation Model – Using AFG’s modified discounted cash flow model to measure the intrinsic value of a firm compared to its peers.

Fortune magazine recently put out an article listing the most admired companies in the world.  We took the top 50 firms (excluding Financials, and companies not traded in the US) on their list and put them through Applied Finance Group's quantitative recommendation framework.  Just because these firms are among the most admired companies in the world does not qualify them as the most attractive investment. Being among the most admired is an honor and means you must be doing something right, but might not necessarily mean the share price is currently attractive. 

The following articles which we have posted in the past on ValueExpectations.com will give you a better understanding of what it takes for management to create wealth, understand Management Quality, and see how EPS alone falls short in estimating a company’s value. There are two main characteristics a company must have in order to be a good investment opportunity: (1) the company needs to be a strong economic performer, (2) the company should be attractively priced.   Many people admired the DeLorean, but it was neither a good performing car nor a good priced car. Below we reveal a few "DeLoreans" after looking under the hood.

Top 50 Most Admired Companies According to Fortune

Now that the nearly $800 billion Stimulus Package is signed into a law, the question is how its provisions would affect the different industries, which companies would present attractive investment opportunities and which ones we should avoid. After discussing the possible effects on the Solar Industry, we now turn our look to the Defense Industry.

Defense companies have enjoyed an abundance of government funding over the last several years. The estimated Defense Military outlays for 2009 are approximately 650 Billion, more than double the amount of the last budget before 9/11. As a result companies involved with defense, homeland security and aerospace have outperformed the broader markets, with the SPADE® Defense Index (AMEX: DXS) beating the S&P500 Index by 80.3% cumulatively for the 9/10/01 – 2/23/09 period.

However, this process may be coming to an end. Although historically defense spending has not been much correlated with trends in the overall economy, increase in government deficits related to recent federal bailouts and reduced tax revenue may lead to downward pressure on defense budgets. Tom Shanker of The New York Times expects U.S. Defense department to scale back on spending, as President Obama will need to identify at least some budget cuts after signing the new stimulus bill. Weapons programs that have suffered significant cost overruns are amongst the most likely to be affected, according to Mr.Shanker.

Although supplemental funding for weapons procurement and R&D is expected to decrease going forward, there is normally a lag between defense funding and the actual delivery of the purchased equipment. The Aerospace Industries Association estimates that since new procurement spending is basically committed for fiscal year 2009, and the new administration will have limited impact on fiscal year 2010, aerospace companies should see defense sales growth continue on-pace through calendar year 2012.

Whether the expected negative impact for the overall industry would come sooner or later, the key would be to identify which companies within it are relatively overvalued and most likely to suffer a severe price correction, and which have low market expectations embedded in their current stock price, thus being under lower pressure for meeting and beating analysts performance benchmarks.

Listed below are the companies from the Defense Industry according to AFG sector industry classification. Accompanying each stock, are its respective market cap, P/B, forward P/E, and sales growth expectations priced into the stock utilizing AFG’s Value Expectation application (assuming their 5-yr median EBITDA margins and asset turnover levels remain constant in the next 5 years).

 

Defense Companies and Their Implied Sales Growth Expectations:

*data date 2/18/09