APOL

In 1963, business for American Express was booming: half a billion dollars of traveler’s checks were in circulation and over one million people had American Express cards. Then, scandal hit. An Amex warehouse subsidiary had issued receipts to Allied Crude Vegetable Oil Refining for bogus tanks of salad oil. The receipts were used to obtain loans on which Allied subsequently defaulted. When the creditors came to seize their collateral, the bogus tanks were exposed. While perhaps not legally bound, American Express assumed moral responsibility and was on the hook for $150 million – more cash than the company had on hand. Following the incident, American Express stock fell from $60/share to $35. As Amex’s share price fell, a little-known (at the time) investment manager named Warren Buffet purchased approximately 5% of the company. After determining that the scandal had no negative impact on cardholders’ propensity to use their Amex charge cards, Buffet concluded that the “salad oil scandal” was a one-time event from which the company could easily recover. His conviction was strong – at one point American Express accounted for more than 40% of his portfolio.

Yesterday on ValueExpectations.com we released a list of the cheapest stocks in the S&P 500 based on AFG’s valuation criteria. One of the companies provided in the list of “Cheapest stocks in the S&P500” yesterday was Apollo Group, Inc. (NASDAQ:APOL) for having an extremely attractive valuation. Apollo Group has a current AFG Value Score of 99, meaning the company ranks in the top 99th percentile of companies in the AFG universe in valuation attractiveness. Beyond looking for companies with attractive valuations, it is also important to understand what you are paying for in terms of expectations that are already “priced-in” to the stock for revenue growth. Using AFG’s ValueExpectations interface investor’s can easily identify the embedded expectations a firm needs to deliver to be fairly valued in the market compared to what they have historically been able to deliver.

The chart below contains 10 of the cheapest stocks in the S&P 500 based on AFG’s valuation metric which has proven through vigorous back-testing to identify companies that are more likely to outperform than their sector peers. AFG’s valuation techniques also help investors identify and take advantage of mispriced securities in the market. One way investors can identify over or undervalued stocks is by using AFG’s Intrinsic Value Chart, which displays a company’s intrinsic value relative to its trading range and helps entry/exit points. Below is an example of Apollo Group (NASDAQ:APOL) one of the companies from our list of the 10 cheapest S&P 500 companies using AFG’s Intrinsic Value Chart to illustrate how well we have tracked the company as well as a visual representation of the company’s trading range relative to its default intrinsic value.

When narrowing the market to a focus group of stocks to choose from, The Applied Finance Group (AFG) has a core set of principles we concentrate on to develop a group of stocks that are more likely to outperform the market.

ValueExpectations.com emphasizes evaluating a company’s ability to earn a spread above their cost of capital using a very robust measure of corporate performance, Economic Margin. After evaluating a firm’s ability to create wealth VE.com then determines what price we are paying for the company using a modified discounted cash flow model. If we had to simplify performance, a very elementary way to evaluate performance can be Return on Invested Capital ROIC and valuation which can be simplified by using earnings yield. This is the approach Joel Grenblatt uses in his book, The Little Blue Book that Beats the Market.

In January VE.com highlighted a list of stocks based on Joel Greenblatt’s Magic Formula Investing Strategy from 1998-2004 Greenblatt’s simulated returns were 30.8% a year, relative to a 12.4% annual return for the S&P 500 and was only down in one year in that time-span.

In our article posted on January 9, 2009 we listed our best 30 “Magic Formula” companies which has earned returns comparable to the tests conducted by Mr. Greenblatt. From Jan. 9, 2009 to Dec. 14, 2009 the 30 companies we recommended from our “Magic Screen” have returned a solid 32.06% spread above the S&P 500. Since our last “Magic Formula” portfolio was successful we have decided to run the screen again for a new list of companies to see just how consistent this strategy is.

To stay updated on companies AFG believes are attractive investment opportunities register for ValueExpectations.com It's Fast and Free!

A look at Greenblatt’s formula for successful “Magic Formula Investing”:

1. Establish a minimum market capitalization (usually greater than $50 million).

2. Exclude utility and financial stocks

3. Exclude foreign companies (American Depositary Receipts)

4. Determine company's earnings yield = EBIT / enterprise value.

5. Determine company's return on capital = EBIT / (Net fixed assets + working capital)

6. Rank all companies above chosen market capitalization by highest earnings yield and highest return on capital (ranked as percentages).

7. Invest in 20-30 highest ranked companies, accumulating 2-3 positions per month over a 12-month period.

8. Re-balance portfolio once per year, selling losers one week before the year-mark and winners one week after the year mark.

9. Continue over long-term (3-5 year) period.

Mr. Greenblatt was a student of both Ben Graham and Warren Buffet and tried to include valuable insights from each investor in his “Magic Formula.” His Magic Formula was a screen that percentile ranked two variables: Return on Invested Capital (quality) and Earnings Yield (valuation). The idea is simple, buy the best companies at the best price and then hold on to them for one year. The Little Blue Book recommends selecting the top 30 firms from the “Magic Formula.” That formula ranks each company by variable and then puts a 50% weight on each.

Ticker  Company Name Sector Market Cap ROIC Earn Yield (NYSE:PM) Philip Morris Intl Inc Consumer Non Durable $96,066 265% 26% (NYSE:LO) Lorillard Inc Consumer Non Durable $12,671 111% 13% (NYSE:RAI) Reynolds American Inc Consumer Non Durable $15,560 116% 14% (NYSE:NOV) National Oilwell Varco Capital Goods $18,530 38% 17% (NYSE:ABC) Amerisource Bergen Corp Health $7,198 82% 12% (NASDAQ:APOL)  Apollo Group Inc Cl A Miscellaneous $9,602 164% 12% (NYSE:GD)  General Dynamics Corp Capital Goods $27,261 69% 12% (NYSE:BF.B)  Brown-Forman Corp Cl B Consumer Non Durable $8,335 124% 18% (NYSE:TSS)  Total System Services Consumer Services $3,439 50% 16% (NYSE:DNB)  Dun & Bradstreet Corp Consumer Services $4,285 -395% 10% (NYSE:LLL) L-3 Communications Hldgs Capital Goods $9,873 55% 12% (NYSE:MCK)  Mckesson Corp Health $16,880 43% 12% (NYSE:PFE) Pfizer Inc Health $148,488 17% 11% (NYSE:MO)  Altria Group Inc Consumer Non Durable $40,753 1693% 20% (NASDAQ:CEPH) Cephalon Inc Health $4,414 32% 12% (NYSE:OMC)   Omnicom Group Inc Consumer Services $11,681 -178% 10% (NYSE:DO) Diamond Offshre Drilling Capital Goods $13,503 37% 14% (NYSE:LLY)  Eli Lilly & Co Health $40,928 47% 15% (NYSE:SNI) Scripps Networks Intr In Consumer Services $6,692 77% 10% (NASDAQ:BIIB) Biogen Idec Inc Health $14,133 46% 11% (NYSE:FRX)  Forest Laboratories Inc Health $9,563 22% 13% (NYSE:RTN)  Raytheon Co Capital Goods $20,479 67% 14% (NYSE:DPS) Dr Pepper Snapple Grp Consumer Non Durable $7,131 71% 10% (NYSE:HRS) Harris Corp Technology $5,964 57% 11% (NYSE:MHP) Mcgraw-Hill Co Inc Consumer Services $10,886 129% 11% (NYSE:FLR) Fluor Corp Capital Goods $7,252 46% 20% (NYSE:LH)  Laboratory Cp Am Hldgs Health $7,961 108% 10% (NYSE:LH)  Moody'S Corp Consumer Services $6,281 -2400% 9% (NYSE:FLS) Flowserve Corp Capital Goods $5,398 40% 11% (NYSE:GME) Gamestop Corp Cl A Consumer Services $3,671 69% 17%

 

 Click Here - If you are a professional investor and would like a review of your portfolio by an AFG representative or to discuss companies AFG find attractive that fit your investment style.

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In recent weeks we have written several blogs (S&P 500 sector stock watch, Attractive stocks under $35, with potential investment opportunities, Solid S&P Value Companies, Cheapest Stocks In the S&P 500), discussing investment opportunities within the S&P 500. These stocks ideas all had favorable scores under The Applied Finance Group's (AFG’s) investment criteria, which includes economic performance, valuation, earnings quality and management’s ability to create shareholder wealth, among other criteria.

Another way that AFG identifies potentially attractive investments is through the use of its Value Expectations interface, which helps investors get a better understanding of the expectations embedded into stock prices. This interface allows us to understand the Sales Growth, EBITDA Margin, and Asset Turnover a company has to deliver in the future to justify its current trading price. In theory and in normal circumstances, if the imbedded future performance is very conservative relative to the company’s historical performance, the stock is regarded as undervalued. The table below displays the implied future Sales Growth (“Priced-in Sales Growth) of the companies we have recently recommended in our recent blogs, assuming their EBITDA Margins and Asset Turnovers stay at 5-year median levels.

Company Descriptors Sales Growth   Ebitda   Asset Turnover Exchange/Ticker Name Sector "Priced-in" Sales Growth 5 Year Median LFY   5 Year Median LFY   5 Year Median LFY (NYSE:ABT) ABBOTT LABORATORIES Health 6.32% 13.51% 13.94%   25.34% 24.83%   0.69 0.70 (NYSE:AEP)  AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER Utilities 9.53% 4.22% 7.92%   27.14% 28.82%   0.33 0.32 (NYSE:AES)  AES CORP THE Utilities -4.73% 12.73% 18.27%   34.66% 29.23%   0.39 0.46 (NASDAQ:APOL) APOLLO GROUP INC CL A Miscellaneous -2.48% 15.31% 15.31%   28.46% 25.59%   1.71 1.69 (NYSE:AZO) AUTOZONE INC Consumer Services -8.92% 3.72% 5.72%   19.59% 19.72%   1.33 1.24 (NYSE:BIG)  BIG LOTS INC Consumer Services 15.47% 1.25% -0.24%   5.44% 6.86%   2.74 3.24 (NYSE:BMY)  BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB CO Health -1.23% -0.89% 6.46%   24.98% 22.84%   0.70 0.70 (NYSE:BSX)  BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORP Health 5.14% 11.72% -3.67%   28.70% 27.68%   0.45 0.30 (NYSE:CAG)  CONAGRA FOODS Consumer Non Durable 23.23% 0.31% 9.70%   11.31% 10.74%   1.02 1.15 (NASDAQ:CEPH)  CEPHALON INC Health -5.73% 19.35% 11.40%   26.65% 26.37%   0.47 0.62 (NYSE:DNB) DUN & BRADSTREET CORP Consumer Services -18.53% 4.43% 7.95%   30.41% 32.09%   0.93 1.09 (NYSE:DPS)  DR PEPPER SNAPPLE GRP Consumer Non Durable 15.11% 10.36% -0.66%   20.60% 20.60%   0.55 0.66 (NYSE:DRI)  DARDEN RESTAURANTS Consumer Services -1.78% 8.38% 8.92%   13.02% 12.80%   1.80 1.44 (NASDAQ:ERTS) ELECTRONIC ARTS INC Technology 2.34% 5.81% 14.93%   10.99% -2.24%   0.69 0.90 (NYSE:FIS) FIDELITY NATIONAL INFO Consumer Services -7.42% 7.47% -27.57%   23.50% 26.76%   0.83 0.46 (NASDAQ:FISV)  FISERV INC Miscellaneous 14.41% 11.94% 20.83%   22.99% 23.53%   0.48 0.51 (NYSE:HAS)  HASBRO INC Consumer Durable 2.47% 3.01% 4.79%   16.31% 17.62%   1.00 1.27 (NYSE:HRS)  HARRIS CORP Technology -1.48% 19.14% -5.76%   15.24% 15.96%   1.13 1.12 (NYSE:KR)  KROGER CO THE Consumer Services 4.51% 7.30% 8.21%   5.31% 5.21%   3.04 3.27 (NYSE:LO)  LORILLARD INC Consumer Non Durable -5.09% 5.62% 5.92%   33.08% 32.55%   1.44 1.81 (NYSE:NOC)  NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP Capital Goods 1.10% 5.84% 5.84%   9.99% 11.63%   0.92 1.12 (NYSE:PEG)  PUBLIC SVC ENTPRS GROUP Utilities 7.72% 3.65% 3.65%   24.57% 30.23%   0.42 0.46 (NYSE:PFE)  PFIZER INC Health -4.75% -0.25% -0.25%   40.22% 32.09%   0.42 0.43 (NYSE:PM) PHILIP MORRIS INTL INC Consumer Non Durable 18.90% -10.87% -53.35%   18.26% 17.37%   1.78 0.78 (NYSE:RDC)  ROWAN COMPANIES INC Capital Goods -20.68% 38.68% 5.62%   33.16% 38.76%   0.40 0.49 (NYSE:S)  SPRINT NEXTEL CORP Technology -13.65% 18.30% -11.24%   29.59% 25.61%   0.62 0.61 (NYSE:SEE)  SEALED AIR CORP Basic Material -3.95% 7.47% 4.13%   16.64% 15.47%   0.85 0.97 (NYSE:STZ)   CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC Consumer Non Durable 23.76% 12.62% -3.14%   17.06% 16.97%   0.54 0.45 (NASDAQ:SYMC)  SYMANTEC CORP Technology 6.36% 25.49% 4.69%   30.39% 27.15%   0.37 0.58 (NYSE:TAP)  MOLSON COORS BREWING CLB Consumer Non Durable 14.61% 6.14% -22.88%   17.95% 17.83%   0.49 0.46 (NYSE:TMO)  THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC Health 7.08% 19.36% 7.71%   14.90% 18.20%   0.56 0.50 (NYSE:TSO)  TESORO CORPORATION Energy and Extraction -47.31% 29.18% 29.18%   6.76% 6.19%   3.04 3.81 (NYSE:VZ) VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS Technology 2.94% 5.37% 4.16%   32.18% 32.05%   0.46 0.48 (NYSE:WAT)  WATERS CORP Capital Goods 5.94% 10.53% 6.93%   28.15% 27.30%   0.80 0.97

To identify potentially attractive investment ideas, The Applied Finance Group (AFG) uses a combination of proprietary variables including valuation, economic performance, management quality, and Earnings Quality. In December of 2008, ValueExpectations.com released a list of companies sorted only by AFG’s Value Score (defined below). Our valuation techniques have proven successful at identifying mispriced securities, which has helped our clients select stocks that outperform their chosen benchmark.

The ValueExpectations.com blog posted in December 2008 (High Value Score Stocks - S&P 500), contained these high Value Score companies (DDS, S, NOV, MTW, SII, WFR, CHK), and outperformed the S&P 500 by 40% as of our 3-26-09 performance update. We recently checked the average performance of those picks through 8-27-2009 to find that they have returned an astounding 52% above the S&P 500, with 6 of the 7 companies outperforming. High Value Score Stocks Part 2, released on 5-7-09 has also outperformed the S&P 500 by nearly 3% since its release, with a batting average of just over 60%.

Due to the success of the first two “High Value Score” blogs, we again used valuation as a basis for selecting a new set of investment ideas. Listed below are the top 10 companies in the S&P 500 (excluding Financials) based on AFG Value Score alone. These companies look the most attractive from a valuation perspective relative to the rest of the index.

Exchange/Ticker Name Sector Valuation Attractiveness (NASDAQ:CEPH)  CEPHALON INC Health Very Attractive (NYSE:PM)  PHILIP MORRIS INTL INC Consumer Non Durable Very Attractive (NYSE:DNB) DUN & BRADSTREET CORP Consumer Services Very Attractive (NYSE:S)  SPRINT NEXTEL CORP Technology Very Attractive (NYSE:FIS)  FIDELITY NATIONAL INFO Consumer Services Very Attractive (NASDAQ:APOL)  APOLLO GROUP INC CL A Miscellaneous Very Attractive (NYSE:AES) AES CORP THE Utilities Very Attractive (NYSE:AZO) AUTOZONE INC Consumer Services Very Attractive (NYSE:TSO)  TESORO CORPORATION Energy and Extraction Very Attractive (NYSE:TMO) THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC Health Very Attractive

AFG's Valuation Metric – Measures the percent to target (deviation between a stock’s current trading price and its AFG current default target price). To derive the intrinsic value of a firm, AFG uses its proprietary Valuation Model (modified discounted cash flow model).

High EM Buys & Sells

 Next week we will be discussing the use of an Economic Margin as a complete valuation system.

Traditional Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) models have been been underutilized in equity analysis over the years primarily because of the assumptions one has to sign off on. We will concentrate on just two of the major issues we have with traditional DCF models, the lack of ability to deal with competition and the perpetuity assumption embedded in a DCF model. These assumptions lead to irrational calculations of intrinsic value and force analysts to make compromising decisions in their model building efforts.

AFG uses a modified DCF model that accurately addresses the competitive nature of the business while also dealing with the perpetuity issue through our Economic Margin decay or competitive advantage period.

The four factors that affect AFG’s Competitive Advantage Period (CAP) are;

Profitability – High Profit leads to increased competition and a higher decay rate
Variability – Higher volatility leads to less predictability and a higher decay rate
Trend – AFG gives the benefit of the doubt to an upward trend which leads to a lower decay rate
Invested Capital – Large Invested Capital creates barriers to entry and leads to lower decay rate

The Decay Rate is the rate at which the Economic Margins™ will diminish over time due to competition, market conditions and limited investment opportunities. Higher decay rates translate into shorter competitive advantage periods, while lower decay rates translate into longer competitive advantage periods.

The Decay Rate profile is downward sloping to the right, which means that Economic Margins™ over time diminish to zero. This does not mean that the company will not have earnings, but instead the company will have an Economic Margin™ of zero, which indicates there are no excess profits after the investors are paid and the depreciating assets are replaced.When selecting securities, companies that are maintaining a high level of economic profitability or growing their profits rapidly are attractive from an investment standpoint. However, the more profitable a firm is the more likely other companies will attempt compete away excess returns.

To illustrate this, one has to look no further than Dell Computer. Dell Computer had Economic Margins™ hovering around 40% (top 5% of all companies) in 1997 and 1998, but soon every major firm was announcing that they were going to build computers to order. Why? Because they saw the huge profits that Dell was making. The result is that Dell's Economic Margin™ for 1999 was around 25%, a decline of 37.5% in just one year. The remaining factors are relatively straight-forward, in that volatile returns are worth less than consistent returns, companies with an increasing Economic Margins™ are worth more than a company in decline, and large companies have a natural barrier to entry, thus a lower decay rate.

 

Theory: Excess return gets competed away

Fact: In 1997, the median top decile Economic Margin (EM) firm = 17.4%. 10 years later, that same group of companies had a median EM of 6.5%. On the other hand, the bottom decile had an EM of -12.2%, 10 years later that same group had a median EM of -1.0%.

 

Current Top Decile Economic Margin Companies (S&P 500 ex. financials)

 

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The Applied Finance Group’s (AFG’s) Economic Margin (EM) methodology helps investors understand what a company earns above its true cost of capital or how profitable a firm is. Companies expected to improve their Economic Margins have proven to be more likely to outperform than companies with expected EM declines. The table below provides 10 stocks expected to improve their Economic Margins in the next fiscal year and look attractive from a valuation perspective according to AFG’s valuation model. All 10 of these firms also currently have a default buy recommendation and look to have considerable long-term upside.

S&P 500 - Stocks to Watch (ex. Financials)

 

AFG's default valuation is a great place to start when looking for potential equity investments as our valuation techniques have proven successful through time at identifying mispriced securities and helping our clients identify investment opportunities resulting in outperforming their chosen benchmark.

AFG's Valuation Model – Using AFG’s modified discounted cash flow model to measure the intrinsic value of a firm compared to its peers. AFG's Value Score - A score which represents the ranked percent to target (deviation between stock’s current trading price and AFG’s current default target price) or attractiveness (upside) relative to the universe. A Value Score of 100 is the most undervalued and 0 is the most overvalued company in the universe.

All companies listed below met The Applied Finance Group's (AFG's) Buy screen criteria and are in the bottom half of their sector in Market Value/Invested Capital (MV/IC), which by definition qualifies the companies as part of the AFG Value Universe. When identifying buy ideas, AFG looks for companies with the most valuation upside compared to their sector peers, above sector median expected Economic Margin change, and a management quality score that reflects a management team following a wealth creating strategy.

 

9 Value Companies To Watch

A brief description of AFG's buy criteria variables:

AFG's Valuation Metric – Measures the percent to target (deviation between a stock’s current trading price and its AFG current default target price). To derive the intrinsic value of a firm, AFG uses its proprietary Valuation Model (modified discounted cash flow model).

Economic Margin - A corporate performance measurement that addresses the gaps in GAAP, eliminating distortions caused by accounting policies to measure what a company is truly earning above or below their cost of capital.

Management Quality– Assesses management’s ability to make wealth creating decisions.
AFG's Value Universe - Companies in the AFG universe, which have MV/IC at the bottom 50% of the universe and have EPS estimates.

Market Value/Invested Capital (MV/IC) - The firm's average total equity, debt and other obligations divided by net invested capital.

Bloomberg provides a score for companies within the S&P 500 based on an average of all analyst ratings from the street. Below is a table highlighting companies with the best analyst ratings, largest increase in rating, highest price targets, and worst analyst ratings and the valuation attractiveness of each of these companies based on The Applied Finance Group’s (AFG) valuation model.

Companies within each of these groups are ranked from most attractive from a valuation perspective to the least attractive. VE.com will actively track the performance of these recommendations and see how they stack up to the analyst recommendations in each group. AFGview.com, AFG’s professional investor website allows you to compare any company using their rating versus the consensus ratings of the sell side. If you are interested in an analysis on a specific company, contact afgsales@afgltd.com.

 

Best/Worst Analyst Rated Companies (Bloomberg)

 

AFG's Valuation Model – Using AFG’s modified discounted cash flow model to measure the intrinsic value of a firm compared to its peers. AFG's Value Score - A score which represents the ranked percent to target (deviation between stock’s current trading price and AFG’s current default target price) or attractiveness (upside) relative to the universe. A Value Score of 100 is the most undervalued and 0 is the most overvalued company in the universe.

Below is a summary of 22 AFG Buy Recommendations from the S&P500 Index. The report highlights the 2 companies from each sector (ex. financials) that have the most attractive value score and are currently rated Buys by The Applied Finance Group, Ltd. (AFG). Factors used to derive a AFG’s recommendation include: Expected change in Economic Margins, Intrinsic Value, and Management Quality.

We also ran a VE analysis and provided the results. The VE analysis of each company is used to identify implied sales growth expectations versus what the company has delivered historically in sales growth over the past 5 years. Measuring the spread between a company’s VE sales growth expectations and what it has historically delivered should give you a good idea of which companies have the best chance of meeting or exceeding those expectations, and thus are more likely to outperform.

 

 Cheapest Companies In The S&P 500 By Sector (ex. Financials)

 

 Click Here, to see results of our portfolio performance using AFG's Buy/Sell criteria

A brief description of AFG's buy criteria variables is below:

• Economic Margin - A corporate performance measurement that addresses the gaps in GAAP, eliminating distortions caused by accounting policies to measure what a company is truly earning above or below their cost of capital.

• Valuation Model – Using AFG’s modified discounted cash flow model to measure the intrinsic value of a firm compared to its peers.

• Management Quality – Assess management’s ability to make wealth creating decisions.

 Applied Finance Group’s (AFG’s) Value Score defined - A score which represents the ranked percent to target (deviation between stock’s current trading price and AFG’s current default target price) or attractiveness (upside) relative to the universe. A Value Score of 100 is the most undervalued and 0 is the most overvalued company in the universe.

VE Sales Growth - AFG’s Value Expectations allows us to understand the Sales Growth, EBITDA Margin, and Asset Turnover a company has to deliver in the future to justify its current trading price. In theory, if the imbedded future performance is very conservative relative to the company’s historical performance, the stock is regarded as undervalued. The VE Sales Growth displays the implied future Sales Growth of the company assuming their EBITDA Margins and Asset Turnovers stay at the 5 year historic median levels.

Recently The Applied Finance Group, LTD provided rankings for CEO Magazine to identify the greatest wealth creating and wealth destroying CEOs in the S&P 500. In the spirit of the upcoming Super Bowl between the Arizona Cardinals and Pittsburgh Steelers, we would like to compare companies in the two respective states to see which state’s CEO is the best wealth creator.

AFG’s scoring methodology is based on its proprietary Economic Margin Framework that sets out to correct accounting distortions and properly understand the market expectations priced into a stock. Most investors understand the concept of Earnings Per Share (EPS) and are happy with the stocks they own that have the ability to grow earnings. AFG’s Economic Margin methodology shows us that earnings are important but are not sufficient to properly measure a company’s operations. AFG looks past earnings to evaluate the profitability and growth (wealth creation) of the entire operation of a business.

Economic Margin (EM) is defined as EM = (Cash Flow - Capital Charge)/ Productive Capital. In simple terms, EM seeks to measure the ability of a company to make money in excess of a risk-adjusted cost of capital. AFG used a multifactor ranking system that combines series of scores to determine a winner in each state. The system evaluates the ability of companies to sustain their historical Economic Margin performance, forecasts expected Economic Margins benchmarked against their peers, and systematically grades management. Based on those criteria, AFG has selected 6 good companies from each state.

However, if you consider investing in any of those companies, please note good companies are not always good investments. There are two components to look at for any investment: the ability of a company to create shareholder value and the attractiveness of its share price in the market. There are times when a well ran business that creates wealth is not a great investment. Investors must understand the embedded expectations they are paying for that performance and determine if those expectations are realistic for the company going forward.

 Arizona Super Bowl Companies with Sales Growth Expectations Implied by Current Trading Price

 

 

  Pennsylvania Super Bowl Companies with Sales Growth Expectations Implied by Current Trading Price

*Assuming a constant 5 year median EBITDA margin for each company.

*Assuming a constant 2007 EBITDA margin for FSLR.

 

Generally speaking, companies with pessimistic VE sales growth relative to their 5 year median sales growth are considered undervalued from AFG’s perspective, such as PETM, RRR,FCX, APOL from Arizona, and ABC, UGI, CEPH, from Pennsylvania.

 

And the winner is....

 

 

Cephalon Inc (CEPH) -CEPH has been a very profitable company in the last three years with very stable economic margins, much like the Pittsburgh Steelers who won the Super Bowl just three years ago. Based on AFG’s forecast, it appears that CEPH is in position to maintain its economic profitability while continuing to grow its assets.

First Solar Inc (FSLR) – FSLR is a solar module designer and manufacturer located in sunny Arizona. Helped by the growing public attention and support to alternative energy, the company has done a nice job of turning their business around from earning below their cost of capital to a high level of profitability.

 

For the past 26 years Steven Halpern, editor of thestockadvisors.com has gone to well known and respected advisors once a year to find out which stocks they like for the coming year. Take a look at the list of stocks advisors liked in 2008 and their performance. Also listed are the picks of 75 prominent advisors for 2009 along with sales growth expectations for the companies to justify their current price (VE Sales Growth) which can be compared to what they have delivered in revenue growth over the past 5 years(5 Year Median Sales Growth). These companies are worth a look because they are in favor of well-respected advisors, but the companies that also have low expectations for sales growth priced-in to their stock are especially worthy of a close review.

 

2008 Blogger Picks Conservative and 2008 Performance

 

2008 Blogger Picks Speculative and 2008 Performance

 

Blogger Picks for 2009 and Sales Expectations

* denotes # of years historical sales numbers available

VE Sales Growth calculated for these firms on 1-6-09